Covalent Bonds

When electronegativities of bonding atoms are the same (as they are in diatomic molecules) or close to the same, they SHARE electrons.
Bonds formed when atoms share electrons are called Covalent Bonds.
In diatomic molecules (like H2 or Cl2), the electronegativities of both atoms are exactly the same so electrons are shared equally!

Example 1: CH3CH3

  

In Covalent bonds, electrons are Shared

Example 2: Write the bond formation of CF4

Because “F” is a halogen, it has 7 valence e-s, so you must show all 7 red dots around each “F” atom and shared 1 black dot from "C" atom that have 4 valence electrons!!!

 Types of bond in covalent molecules

• Single bond - one electron is being shared to form one bonding.Example : H2 , Cl2 .

• Double bond - two electrons are being shared to form double bonding.Example : O2 , CO2.

• Triple bond - three electrons are being shared to form triple bonding.Example : N2 , C2H2.